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Portrait & Figure

Facial Proportions Studies

Unit 4 · The Human Face — Portrait Studies · Week 15–16

Graphite pencil · Drawing paper

Before drawing any face, you need to understand how adult faces are actually proportioned. The classical guidelines below are what artists have used for centuries — a framework that eliminates the most common errors, like eyes placed too high on the head, before you ever sit down to draw from life.

Before You Start — Gather

Drawing paper or sketchbook (multiple pages), HB and 2B pencils, vinyl eraser, ruler, several photo references of faces (front view and 3/4 view). Plan to fill 4-5 sketchbook pages.

Study These Works
Leonardo, Vitruvian Man
The classical proportion study; understand the system
Click to expand
Human head proportions diagram
A clear visual guide to proportion landmarks for constructing the head
Click to expand
Dürer, Four Books on Human Proportion
Dürer's own systematic study of proportion — the historical source
Click to expand
Step-by-Step Instructions
  1. Learn the five key rules: (1) Eyes sit at the vertical midpoint of the head. (2) The head is roughly five eye-widths wide. (3) Base of nose is halfway between eyes and chin. (4) Mouth sits one-third of the way between nose and chin. (5) Ears align from eyebrow height down to the base of the nose.

  2. Draw a proportion diagram from scratch — a large oval with each guideline marked as a light horizontal line. Don't add features yet — just build the 'map' until it feels natural.

  3. Study individual features in isolation. Spend a full sketchbook page drawing eyes from different photo references — at least 6–8 different eyes. Then repeat for noses, then mouths.

  4. Draw a front-view face from a photo reference using your proportion lines as a precise guide. This doesn't need to be a likeness — accuracy of placement is the goal.

  5. Repeat with a 3/4 view face. The near eye is wider; the far eye is narrower. The nose overlaps the far cheek slightly. Practice this before moving to the self-portrait.

Instructor Tip

The single most common portrait mistake is placing eyes too high on the head. When drawing from imagination, eyes instinctively go near the top. Trust the rule — eyes at the midpoint. It will look startlingly correct once you add the hair and forehead.